Three-dimensional interfacial fracture analysis of a one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal coating

In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) interfacial fracture is analyzed in a one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal quasicrystal (QC) coating structure under mechanical loading. A planar interface crack with arbitrary shape is studied by a displacement discontinuity method. Fundamental solutions of interfacial concentrated displacement discontinuities are obtained by the Hankel transform technique, and the corresponding boundary integral-differential equations are constructed with the superposition principle. Green’s functions of constant interfacial displacement discontinuities within a rectangular element are derived, and a boundary element method is proposed for numerical simulation. The singularity of stresses near the crack front is investigated, and the stress intensity factors (SIFs) as well as energy release rates (ERRs) are determined. Finally, relevant influencing factors on the fracture behavior are discussed.     

InSb芯片碎裂与迸溅金点的关系

批量生产中经常发生的锑化铟(InSb)芯片碎裂问题制约着InSb红外焦平面探测器(IRFPAs)成品率的提升.经分析认为:低周期液氮冲击下发生在器件边沿区域的InSb芯片破碎与该区域中迸溅金点的存在有关.为从理论上明晰迸溅金点对InSb芯片局部碎裂的影响,本文建立了包含迸溅金点的InSb IRFPAs结构模型,分析了迸溅金点的存在对应力分布的影响.在此基础上,在应力集中处预置不同长度的初始裂纹用以描述InSb晶片中的位错,以能量释放率为判据,探究InSb芯片碎裂与迸溅金点和位错线长短的关系.结论如下:1)迸溅金点的存在对InSb芯片碎裂的影响是局部的,在迸溅金点与InSb芯片接触区域的两侧会形成两个应力集中点; 2)环绕预置裂纹的能量释放率会随着预置裂纹长度的增加而加速增大,当预置裂纹长度接近InSb芯片上表面时,能量释放率近乎指数增加,并在预置裂纹贯穿InSb芯片时达到最大值; 3)迸溅金点引起的InSb芯片破碎属于Ⅰ型断裂失效模式,在多周期液氮冲击中,位错线在应力集中效应的驱使下逐步扩展,直至贯穿InSb芯片,最终形成宏观碎裂失效现象.     

Prediction of Concrete Meso-Model Stress-Strain Curves Based on GoogLeNet北大核心CSCD

非均质复合材料的宏观力学性能往往取决于细观组分的分布方式和力学性能，但是建立明确的关系表达式极其困难。为了应对这一挑战，以混凝土为研究对象，提出了一种基于深度学习的策略，能够高效、准确地通过细观模型图像信息获取应力-应变曲线。首先，使用基于卷积神经网络（convolutional neural network，CNN）的GoogLeNet模型进行图像信息识别和提取，并针对应力-应变曲线的复杂性特点，进行了数据预处理操作，并且设计了相应的多任务损失函数。数据集中的细观模型图像采用基于Monte-Carlo的随机骨料模型生成，并且使用数值模拟试验获取对应细观模型的单轴压缩应力-应变曲线。最后，通过对神经网络的训练和测试评估了所提出方法的可行性。结果表明，GoogLeNet模型训练效率和预测精度均优于AlexNet和ResNet模型，具有良好的泛化能力和鲁棒性。     

Controlling thermomechanical behavior of semicrystalline hydrogenated polynorbornene through the cis- to trans-cyclopentylene ratio

Though polynorbornene synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization has an intrinsically all-cis configuration of the cyclopentylene backbone rings, a fraction of these rings can be epimerized to the trans configuration during hydrogenation over suitable catalysts. By varying the method of hydrogenation, semicrystalline hydrogenated polynorbornenes (hPNs) with trans levels between 0 and 36% were obtained. With increasing trans content, the glass transition temperature, melting point, and enthalpy of melting decrease modestly. By contrast, the temperature at which the hPN crystal transitions into a rotationally disordered polymorph varies strongly with trans content, ranging from 126 °C (all-cis) to 71 °C at 27% trans; at trans contents of 34% and above, no rotationally-ordered phase is observed at any temperature. The room-temperature Young's modulus shows no dependence on trans content, while the yield stress drops by 20% at 1% trans content and slowly decreases further with additional epimerization. The temperature dependence of the Young's modulus differs for trans-containing versus all-cis polymers, while the temperature dependence of the yield stress is set by the polymorph type (rotationally ordered vs. disordered).     

Computational design of rasagiline derivatives: Searching for enhanced antioxidant capability

A set of new rasagiline derivatives is presented. They were designed to be antioxidant compounds with the potential to be used for treating neurodegenerative disorders. They are expected to be multifunctional molecules that can help reduce oxidative stress, which is thought to contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. The CADMA-Chem computational protocol was used to produce rasagiline derivatives and to evaluate their likeliness as oral drugs and antioxidants. Three of them were identified as the most promising ones. They are proposed to be better free radical scavengers than rasagiline. In addition, they are expected to keep the parent's molecule neuroprotective capability. Hopefully, the results presented here would promote further experimental and theoretical investigations on these compounds.     

应力为SGBVE分布强度为指数分布下结构可靠度的估计

考虑了应力服从SGBVE分布,强度服从指数分布的应力—强度模型,分别在应力参数未知和部分强度参数未知的情形下给出了该模型可靠度的估计,并讨论了其性质.     

Lorentz-Minkowski空间中旋转W超曲面

1841年,D elaunay获得如下定理:如果在一平面上沿定直线滚动一条二次圆锥直线,然后将其焦点的轨迹绕定直线旋转,则所得到的曲面具有常数平均曲率,反之,所有旋转常数平均曲率曲面(除球面外)都有如此构造.本文将以上的D elaunay定理推广到Lorentz-M inkow sk i空间Rn1 1中类空的Sm型旋转W超曲面.     

Prediction models for the key mechanical properties of EPDM/PP blends as affected by processing parameters and their correlation with stress relaxation and phase morphologies

The optimum condition of processing parameters (mixing temperature, rotor speed, fill factor, and blend ratio) and prediction models for the best key mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer/polypropylene thermoplastic vulcanizates (EPDM/PP TPVs) was investigated by using the Taguchi's optimization technique and data analysis. The results reveal that all of the processing parameters affected significantly the mechanical properties of the EPDM/PP TPVs, but specifically the blend ratio contributed more than 90% in effect size on tensile strength and tension set. There were three main factors, the mixing temperature, the fill factor, and the blend ratio, influencing the elongation at break. Furthermore, the mathematic models were effective and reliable in predicting the properties of TPVs. The correlation of mechanical properties, stress relaxation, and phase morphologies of the TPVs prepared from the predicted models was also investigated. It can be summarized that the morphological structure and stress relaxation of the TPVs were strongly governed by the EPDM content in the blend ratio. That is, the higher the EPDM content, the better phase morphology having smaller size of the vulcanized EPDM particles distributed in the PP matrix and the higher rate of stress relaxation. Moreover, these two properties were then principally pushing the mechanical characteristics of the EPDM/PP TPVs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

催化剂筛选：火山型曲线成因理论解析及其在多相催化中的应用

多相催化对于现代社会来说具有极其重要的意义,催化剂的理性设计/筛选是现代催化化学研究者的一个重要的目标。其中,火山型曲线是一个的重要工具。它指出对于一个催化反应来说,其催化活性针对关键物种吸附能来说呈一条先上升后下降的曲线,要求最佳催化剂对中间体的吸附能不能太高也不能太低。近几十年来,密度泛函理论等第一性原理计算方法的发展让许多催化剂表面反应微观物理量的计算成为了可能,这极大地拓展了火山型曲线的应用范围。 然而,对于火山型曲线根源的解释,人们却并非了解得十分清楚;一些基本科学概念的理解很多还是基于经验性的Sabatier原理：吸附太弱不利于吸附、太强不利于脱附。针对该问题的科学解析,本文进行了详细的动力学探究,试图以完全数学解析的方式回答催化反应中火山型曲线的必然存在性、产生根源及在催化活性预测中的内涵。本文采用了两步催化模型以及微动力学来进行速率方程的推导,并考虑BEP关系(基元反应的能垒与其反应焓存在线性关系)的应用,最终将整体反应速率转化为中间体吸附能相关的单值函数。基于对该函数的系列推导和分析,得到如下基本结论：(1)从数学上以一个完全的解析形式证明了催化反应中火山型曲线的存在。(2)通过对比催化反应与与之对应的气相反应,我们证明了：若无催化剂参与反应,则火山型曲线不会产生;由于催化剂表面的参与,随着催化剂吸附能力的增强,其表面会因为吸附作用而被占据毒化,导致反应速率存在一个最大值,即形成火山型曲线。从概念上讲,火山型曲线的根源是由“吸附过程引发表面活性位占据”这一自毒化效应造成的,它的存在可能体现为多相催化的基本属性。(3)数值模拟解析展示了表面反应与气相反应的区别,印证了我们的数学解析结论。同时,通过一定的简化,我们对火山型曲线中各部分的斜率进行了研究。结果发现,对于吸附决速过程,催化反应和气相反应斜率相同,其差别主要出现在脱附决速过程。在此阶段由于吸附能过大,表面被毒化,表面反应速率开始下降;而气相反应的速率依然上升。(4)表面反应速率方程的分解和简化结果表明,最佳催化剂在反应中的空活性位点覆盖度和其BEP关系的斜率存在内在关联关系(θ*opt=1–α),据此讨论了其在催化剂寻优过程中的意义。尝试解释了(a)合成氨反应中正逆反应所需最佳催化剂不同的现象;(b)合成氨或CO甲烷化反应最佳催化剂为前过渡金属、而CO/NO氧化等为后过渡金属这一典型催化现象的物理图像。最后,针对火山型曲线理论框架在实际催化剂理论筛选寻优中的应用,我们简要综述了本课题组近年来在光解水制氢Pt基助催化剂和染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极材料设计方面的理论进展。     

Fracture toughness assessment of polypropylene random copolymer with multiple stress modes using the essential work of fracture theory

In recent years, the essential work of fracture (EWF) method has been extensively employed for assessing a material's toughness by specific essential fracture work, especially for polymers showing ductile failure. However, most research has studied either the in-plane stress mode or the out-of-plane stress mode. To obtain a more in-depth understanding of the EWF theory, the specific essential and non-essential fracture work of polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R) was investigated in both in-plane stress mode and out-of-plane stress mode. The effects of ligament length, amount of pre-cracking and pre-cracking method on the specific essential and non-essential fracture work were explored. The specific essential fracture work obtained in both stress modes is compared and discussed.